Orbitals are for mathematicians - Organic chemistry is for people who likes to cook! - Alexander Shulgin
When I was young I played with legos, but now I am older and I play with atoms - Synesthesia
There is more space between atoms, than there are atoms in the universe... - Zodiac Youth
The flask is your canvas and the periodic chart your palette - RatHead
Chemistry is life - Everything else is just waiting - Uncle Al
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MDMA / MDA
- Comprehensive Safrole FAQ
- Safrole from Plants
- Safrole - Synthesis & Reactions (Beilstein Crossfire search)
- Distillation of Safrole
- Determination of Essential Oil Safrole Content
- Safrole Isomerization (Review)
- Notes on the synthesis of Chloro/Bromo/Iodosafrole
- Phenyl-2-halopropanes (Beilstein Crossfire search)
- Alkyl halides to carbonyls using 2-Nitropropane (for example bromosafrole to MDP2P)
- Alkyl halides to carbonyls using NaIO4/DMF
- Notes on the Delepine reaction
- MDMA via direct aminomercuration of safrole
- Propenylbenzenes from propiophenones
- The Complete Book Of Ecstacy
- Manufacture of MDA Analogs by Dal Cason (Really comprehensive)
- Safrole purification with Mercury(II)acetate
- MDP2P from Safrole via MDP2Pol
- MDA from MDP2Pol; the Mitsunobu reaction
- Purification of MDP2P with Sodium Bisulfite
- Purification of MDP2P via its NaI complex
- Complete MDMA Synthesis by Bright Star
- Complete MDMA Synthesis by Dr Drool
- MDA from Bromosafrole using PTC and an azide
- MDMA via Tosyl Chloride Intermediate?
- Photoamination - One step from isosafrole to MDMA
- Pseudonitrosite FAQ
- MDP2P by 2-Nitropropene Alkylation of 1,3-Benzodioxole
- Electrochemical Oxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal and Isosafrole Glycol
- Impurities in Commercially Available MDP2P
Epoxide related
- Peracid (Performic/Peracetic) oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P (Review)
- Oxidation of propenylbenzenes to P2P's using Peracetic Acid
- Electrolytic oxidation of safrole to MDP2P
- Procedure for the oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P using Oxone
- Epoxidation of propenylbenzenes using dimethyldioxirane or oxone
- MDP2P from (iso)safrole via epoxide intermediate
- Bismuth oxide perchlorate catalyzed epoxide to ketone rearrangement (PDF)
- Bismuth triflate catalyzed epoxide to ketone rearrangement (PDF)
- Epoxidation of Safrole, using H2O2 and a peroxotungstate catalyst
- Epoxidation using a Manganese Catalyst
- MDP2P from isosafrole via the dibromide, bromohydrin and epoxide
- Isomerisation of Epoxides to Carbonyl Compounds by Iodides in DMSO
- Electrochemical Rearrangement of Isosafrole Epoxide to MDP2P
Piperonal/Catechol/Eugenol related
- Piperonal from Pepper
- Piperonal from isosafrole
- Isosafrole from piperonal
- Novel synthesis of Piperonal
- MDMA precursors from Eugenol
- Demethylation (Vanillin/Eugenol) and Methylenation (Piperonal/Safrole)
- Synthesis of 4-allyl-pyrocatechol (3,4-dihydroxy-allylbenzene)
- Synthesis of Safrole from catechol
- Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole
- MDP2P from piperonal via 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-nitropropene
- Large-scale MDA from piperonal
- Preparation of MDP-2-nitropropene from piperonal with MeOH/NaOH
- Electrooxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal and MDP2P
Reductive amination
- Reductive amination of MDP2P with NaBH4
- MDA by reductive amination with Sodium Cyanoborohydride
- Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P using nitromethane as methylamine source [Pictures]
- Preparation of Aluminum Amalgam
- Osmium's variation of the Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P
- MDP2P/Methylamine reductive amination Osmium/BrightStar Style
- Catalytic hydrogenation of MDP2P/Methylamine to MDMA
- Reductive amination with titanium(IV)isopropoxide
- MDA from MDP2P via the oxime, reduced by sodium metal
- MDA by Al/Hg reduction of MDP2P oxime in acidic EtOH
- MDMA and MDA via the Leuckart reaction
- MDE synthesis via reductive amination with nitroethane
- MDE synthesis via reductive amination with ethylamine
- Sodium Dithionite for the Reduction of Imines and Cleavage of Oximes
- Electrochemical Reductive Amination Method
- Electrochemical Reductive Amination of P2P's over a Mercury Cathode (PDF)
- Reductive Amination with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
- Reductive amination using metallic magnesium
- Reductive amination of ketones using Pd/C and formic acid
- Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines using NH4Cl/NaBH4
- Reduction of Oximes and Phenylacetonitriles with ZrCl4/NaBH4
- Synthesis of Secondary Amines - A Review
- Aqueous NaBH4 Reductive Amination of Phenylacetones
- Hydrogenation of imines (DejaVu Format)
Wacker Oxidation Methods
- Benzoquinone/DMF Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- Benzoquinone/Methanol Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Methyl Man)
- DMF/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- KRV/SRV Methanol/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Patent)
- Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole(Comments)
- Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Discussions)
- Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (ZIP) As text file
- Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
- Improvements to the Benzoquinone Wacker
- Regioselectivity in the Wacker oxidation of Propenylbenzenes
(Meth)amphetamines
- Crystal Creations - Several meth syntheses
- Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines
- Methamphetamine and P2P from phenylacetaldehyde
- Notes on the synthesis of chloroephedrine and reduction to methamphetamine
- Synthesis of phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
- CTH reduction of Phenyl-2-Nitropropene to Amphetamine
- Uncle Fester's Electroreduction of (pseudo)Ephedrine
- Phosphoramidomercuration of allylbenzene to give amphetamine
- Syntheses of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
- A review of amphetamine and methamphetamine reduction methods
- The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the United States 1978-81
- Reductive amination overview with references
- Reductive alkylation overview with references
- Methamphetamine from P2P with NaBH4
- Al/Hg reductive amination under pressure
- Possible electrochemical conversion of L-phenylalanine to Dextroamphetamine
- Large scale meth production via catalytic hydrogenation (Zipped Word doc)
- Preparation of amphetamine phosphate (electrolytic reduction of phenylnitropropene)
- One Pot Amphetamine synth from BzCN, MeI and NaBH4
- Amphetamine from P2NP using Urushibara Nickel (NiCl2/Al)
- Meth from Benzylmagnesium chloride alkylation of acetaldehyde methylimine
- Amphetamines from Propiophenones
- Methamphetamine from Phenyl-2-Propanone
- Methamphetamines from Amphetamines
- Synthesis of Allylbenzene from Cinnamaldehyde
- Synthesis of Benzyl Chloride
- Synthesis of Benzyl Cyanide
- Synthesis of Phenylacetic acid
- PTC Willgerodt synthesis of Phenylacetic acids from Acetophenones
- Synthesis of Phenyl-2-nitropropene
- Comprehensive Leuckart Reaction Overview from Organic Reactions (PDF)
- Reduction of L-Phenylalanine to dextroamphetamine
- Reduction of L-Phenylalanine to D-amphetamine and D-methamphetamine
- Synthesis of Allylbenzene and Phenyl-2-bromopropane
- Direct Amination of Phenylpropenes to Amphetamines (German PDF, 4MB)
- Preparation of Amphetamines from Phenylpropanolamines
- Optically pure Amphetamines by the way of alpha-Methylhydrocinnamic Acid
- Amphetamine Synthesis via an Acetoacetate Intermediate
- Reduction of benzylic alcohols to hydrocarbons with iodotrimethylsilane
Birch reduction
- The Complete Birch by Mr Clean
- Birch reduction of pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
- The Birch Reaction: Methamphetamine from (pseudo)ephedrine
- Chem Guy's notes on Birch-like reductions
- Birch Reduction kinetics (PDF)
- Anhydrous ammonia additivies inhibiting Birch reductions (PDF)
- Patent for Birch reduction inhibiting ammonia additives (PDF)
P2P related
- Phenyl-2-Propanone (P2P) Syntheses - a Review
- Synthesis of Phenyl-2-Propanone via Phenyl-2-Propanol
- Phenyl-2-Propanone from Allylbenzene via P2Pol
- Phenyl-2-Propanol from Styrene Oxide
- Synthesis of P2P from 3-phenyl-1-chloropropane
- The Nef Reaction - Phenyl-2-nitropropane to P2P
- Synthesis of p-Methoxy-P2P
- P2P from propenylbenzenes
- Azlactone Route to Phenyl-2-Propanones from Benzaldehydes
- Tin(II)Chloride reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
- Raney Ni-Na2PO2 reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
- Strecker degradation of α-Methyl-Phenylalanine to P2P
- P2P by Hydroboration-Oxidation of Phenylpropyne
- Phenylacetones from O-Methyl Bromoacetone Oxime
Ephedrine related
- Ephedrine: Synthesis, extraction and esterification
- Synthesis and resolution of racemic Ephedrine
- Comprehensive reference work on the extraction and synthesis of (pseudo)ephedrine
- Catalytic reduction of Ephedrine overview with references
- Ephedra (Ma Huang) as a source of (pseudo)ephedrine
- Supercritical extraction of Pseudoephedrine from pills (Chapter 5)
- Biotransformations for Ephedrine Production (PDF)
- l-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde
- Debunking the Myth of Ephedrine/Methamphetamine in Chicken Feed
- Ephedrine-type Alkaloid content of commercial Ephedra/Ma Huang preparations
- Separation of methamphetamine from ephedrine through steam distillation
- Comprehensive article on (pseudo)ephedrine acetyl ester and amide (PDF)
- Pseudoephedrine pill denaturant patents (PDF) US6359011 US6136864
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Waterless A/B
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Full Turps Cure
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to Bee
- Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: E-Gull & IDEA Method
HI/P reduction of ephedrine
- Methamphetamine Synthesis Via HI/Red Phosphorous Reduction of Ephedrine
- Meth via HI/P by Wizard X
- Hypophosphorous Acid synthesis and reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine
- Hypophosphorous Acid reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine (with pictures)
- Curbshot's nano scale methamphetamine synth
- Placebo's meth synthesis
- Workup of the RP/HI Methamphetamine Synthesis
Methamphetamine Impurities
- Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P
- Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized via chloroephedrine
- Impurities Found in Illicit Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
- References regarding impurities from the synthesis of methamphetamine
- Impurities in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P (PDF)
- Impurities in methamphetamine tablets found in Thailand
- Impurities in clandestinely produced amphetamine; A review
- Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine
- Methamphetamine Impurity Profiling
(Meth)cathinone
- Methcathinone FAQ 2.2
- Criticism on the Cat FAQ
- Notes on the Synthesis of Methcathinone
- The Hyperreal Methcathinone Document
- Methcatinone via Jones Reagent Oxidation
- Novel simplified Methcathinone synthesis
- Preparation of Cathinone from Phenylpropanolamine
- Comprehensive Methcatinone FAQ (In German)
- Synthesis of Dimethylcathinone
- Potentially Psychedelic Cathinone Analogs
- Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
- (Methylenedioxy)Cathinone Characterization
Other Phenethylamines
- PiHKAL - THE phenethylamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin
- A structural tour of Pihkal
- A comprehensive review of Pihkal, by Tyrone Slothrop
- Novel Fluoro and Nitro analogs of TMA-2 and MMDA-2
- A new route to 2,4,6-DOM and related compounds
- A new route to 3,5-dimethoxy-4-substituted-phenethylamines
- Ethylenediammonium diacetate - a novel nitrostyrene synthesis catalyst
- Decarboxylation of phenylalanines to phenethylamines
- Synthesis of 2C-D
- Synthesis of STP (DOM)
- Synthesis of DOC
- OTC method for MMDA from parsley leaf oil
- DOB Syntheses Without LAH
- Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Propenylbenzenes
- Psychedelic Chemistry by M. V. Smith
- Synthesis of 2,5-dimethoxyallylbenzene
- Rhodanine route from benzaldehydes to phenylacetonitriles
- Synthesis of Indanylamphetamine (IAP)
- Synthesis of 5-Methyl-MDA
- Synthesis of 3-Methoxy-4-Methyl-Amphetamine (MMA)
- Synthesis of 4-Fluoroamphetamine
- Phenylnitropropenes and phenylacetones from benzaldehydes (Org. Syn.)
- Benzaldehydes from propenylbenzenes or cinnamic acids using KMnO4/alumina
- Preparation of unsymmetrical 2,5-dialkoxybenzaldehydes
- Preparation of 2,6-dialkoxybenzaldehydes
- Preparation of Phenethylamines from Benzyl Alcohols
- Preparation of Anethole and Asarone epoxide with H2O2/MeCN
- Synthesis of 4-Alkylthio-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehydes
- Synthesis of Phenethylamines from Phenylacetic Acids
- Synthesis of 2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamines
- Ultrasound Promoted Nitrostyrene Synthesis
- 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone via Darzen Condensation
- 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone
- Synthesis of 2C-CN
- Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
- Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Synthesis of Fenfluramine, with an immense amount of novel amphetamine synthesis reactions
- Sodium Percarbonate Dakin Reaction: Benzaldehydes and acetophenones to phenols
- Benzaldehydes to phenols using H2O2
- Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Conversion of Eugenol to Myristicin and Elimicin
- Oxidation of benzylalcohols to benzaldehydes with acidic DMSO
- Benzaldehydes by reductive oxidation of benzoic acids
- 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Alkoxy-Phenethylamines by Zn/HCl Reduction of Nitrostyrenes
- 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxypropenylbenzene
- Myristicinaldehyde (3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Methoxybenzadehyde)
- Synthesis of all the Trimethoxyphenylpropenes
- Reactions of Asarone
- KG-60-NEt2 as Henry reaction catalyst
- Synthesis of 3-Methyl- and 4-Methyl-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone from Hydroquinone
- Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Fluoroethylamphetamine (DOEF)
DMMDA-2 related
- Synthesis of DMMDA-2, 6-Br-DMMDA-2 and DMMDMA-2
- DMMDA-2 from dillapiole via the Delepine reaction
- Isodillapiole Pseudonitrosite and Nitropropene
- 4,5-Dimethoxy-2,3-Methylenedioxyallylbenzene (pseudo-Dillapiole)
TMA-2 related
- 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene from asarone via the benzaldehyde
- TMA-2 from Calamus oil, using Wacker Oxidation and Leuckart amination
- TMA-2 directly from calamus root bark - by Randolph Carter
- Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to TMA-2
- Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, a TMA-2 precursor
- CTH Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to the ketoxime
Mescaline related
- Syntheses of Mescaline from Gallic acid
- Mescaline synthesis monograph from The Alkaloids Vol III
- Synthesis of Mescaline from eucalyptus sawdust
- Synthesis and Pharmacology of 2,6-Dichloromescaline
- MMDA & Mescaline synthesis from vanillin
- Electrosynthesis of mescaline
- Mescaline through catalytic hydrogenation
- Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin
- 5-Iodovanillin and 5-hydroxyvanillin from Vanillin
- Synthesis of Syringaldehyde
- Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
- 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from p-Cresol
- Extraction of Mescaline from Cacti
2C-B related
- 2C-B Synthesis from 2,5-DMB
- Beaker's 2C-B synthesis using borohydride/CTH
- Improved NaBH4 reduction of nitrostyrenes to phenylnitroalkanes
- High-yield synthesis of 2C-H using LAH
- 2C-B Synthesis via Mannich reaction
- 2C-H via Darzen condensation
- Discussions of possible new 2C-B syntheses
- Reports on different successful 2C-B syntheses
- Synthesis of 2C-H via a mandelonitrile intermediate
- A novel route to 2C-B (and 2C-D/2C-E)
- Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to give 2C-H
- Improved bromination of 2C-H to 2C-B
- Bromination of 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
- Large-scale 2C-H bromination with pictures
Aromatic Iodination/Chlorination
- Iodination of methoxybenzenes with I2/NaNO3 (PDF)
- Iodination of substituted benzenes with N-iodosuccinimide/TFA (PDF)
- Iodination procedure for DOI and 2C-I
- Another iodination procedure for DOI and 2C-I
- Aromatic Iodination
- Halogenation of methoxybenzenes with N-halosuccinimides
- 2C-C and DOC with N-chlorosuccinimide and perchloric acid
- Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C)
- Regioselective Oxyiodination of Aromatics Using KI/Oxone
- Regioselective Bromination of Aromatics Using KBr/Oxone
- Regioselective Chlorination of Aromatics Using KCl/Oxone
- Aromatic Iodination with Lead Tetraacetate as the Oxidant
Reductions
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes with Zinc and Aluminum Amalgams
- Phenethylamines fron nitrostyrenes via 1 atm catalytic hydrogenation
- Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles and Nitrostyrenes to PEA's with LiBH4/ NaBH4and TMSCl
- Notes on the LAH reduction of nitrostyrenes
- Reduction of Nitrostyrenes with Red-Al (Vitride)
- Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines using Red-Al
- Miscellaneous reductions of oximes to amines
- Nitrostyrene reduction using diisobutylaluminium hydride
- Zinc Borohydride Reducing Agent (PDF)
- Sodium Cyanoborohydride - Synthesis, Purification and Use (PDF)
- Sodium Borohydride/Carboxylic Acids (PDF)
- Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrostyrenes at 1 atm H2
- Aqueous CTH with PdCl2/HCOOH/NaOH of cinnamic acids to hydrocinnamates
- Synthesis and Reduction of Azides
- Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Nickel Boride
- Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
- Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Ammonium Formate
- Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Hydrazinium Formate
- Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with 2-phenylbenzimidazoline
- Poisoning and Deactivation of Palladium Catalysts (PDF)
- Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
- Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles to Phenethylamines
- Electroreduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (DejaVu Format)
- Reduction of Phenolic Nitrostyrenes with LAH
- Electroreduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes and Amines
Tryptamines
- TiHKAL - THE tryptamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin
- Tryptophan & Tryptamine FAQ
- Synthesis of Tryptamine and 5-MeO-Tryptamine
- Synthesis of 5-Methoxytryptamine (Mexamine)
- alpha-Methyltryptamine (IT-290, AMT) Synthesis
- Indole-3-acetaldehyde from Tryptophan
- Synthesis of 5-Bromo-Indole
- Synthesis of Indoleacetic acid
- Synthesis of 5-Cyano-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-CN-DMT)
- Synthesis of 7-bromotryptamine HCl
- Indole-3-acetonitrile by Cyanomethylation of Indole
- Preparation of alpha-Substituted Tryptamines from Isatins
Psilocybin related
- Extraction, TLC Analysis and Purification of Psilocybian Alkaloids
- Synthesis of Psilocin
- Synthesis of Psilocybin and 4-Acetoxypsilocin
- Psilocin Analogs, bromine or formyl substituted at either the 5- or 7-position
- Psilocin synthesis through Pd-catalyzed alkyne cyclization
DMT
- DMT and DET synthesis
- Synthesis of DMT (and other dialkyltryptamines) from tryptamine
- Synthesis of DMT from Indoleacetic acid
- Synthesis of DMT via Tryptophol
- DMT synthesis via direct Fischer Indole Synthesis
- DMT from 2-nitrostyrenes
- DMT and 5-MeO-DMT from Me2NH/Cl-CH2CHO/Indole
- DMT tartrate prep, starting from Acacia maidenii bark
- 5-Methoxy-N-Methyltryptamine (O,N-Dimethylserotonin), synthesis, isolation and analysis
LSD
- LSD from Ergotamine Tartrate
- Novel synthetic route to LSD from elymoclavine
- LSD synth discussions
- LSD Material Safety Data Sheet
- How to field test blotters for presence of LSD
- A few Syntheses of LSD
- Possible two-step synth of LSD from LSA and iso-LSA
- LSD Synthesis References
- Several LSD syntheses
- Patent of the synthesis of LSD
- Lysergic acid from ergocristine
- New routes from LSA to LSD
- LSD Trafficking overview by the DEA
- LSD Manufacture overview by the DEA
- Field Identification Manual for Claviceps Ergot Fungus
- Synthesis of Lysergic Acid from Paspalic Acid
- Ergot Alkaloid article by Arthur Stoll
- LSD Total Synthesis by Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of 4-Ethynyl-Indole-3-Acetonitrile
- Synthetic Studies on (+)-Lysergic Acid
Opiates and Opioids
- Codeine to Morphine Conversion Review
- Extraction and purification of morphine from opium
- New patent on the extraction and purification of morphine from opium
- Opium - Poppy Cultivation, Morphine and Heroin Manufacture
- Morphine and Opium Alkaloids
- Identification tests of morphine
- Synthesis of Dimenoxadol
- Total synthesis of morphine Page 1 Page 2
- Synthesis of Levorphanol (levo-Dromoran)
- Synthesis of Pethidine (Demerol)
- One-step synthesis of Prodine
- Theoretical Study of Acyclic Fentanyl Analogs
- Methadone Synthesis Overview
- Morphine and structurally related analgesics
- Pethidine-type Analgesics Overview
- The Stereochemistry of Morphine
- Total synthesis of Morphine (PDF)
- Total Synthesis of Morphine
- Codeine FAQ
- Chromic's Coldwater Codeine Extraction
- Codeinone from Thebaine
- Catalytic rearrangement of Morphine/Codeine to Hydromorphone/Hydrocodone
- Quantitative Conversion of Codeine to Hydrocodone
- 14-Hydroxycodeinone from Codeine (PDF)
- 14-Hydroxycodeinone from Thebaine (PDF)
- Synthesis of a Clonitazene/Etonitazene Analog
- Conversion of Thebaine to Codeine
- Synthesis of Methadone
- Anileridine Synthesis and Pharmacology
Oxycodone/Oxymorphone
- Oxycodone and Codeinone from Codeine
- Oxycodone and Oxymorphone from Codeine
- Oxymorphone from Oxycodone
Fentanyl related
- Fentanyl Synthesis
- Discussions on a Fentanyl analog suggested by Drone #342
- Carfentanil synthesis
- Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-Fentanyl (PDF)
- Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl (PDF)
- Theoretical study of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl and other Fentanyl analogs
Heroin related
Misc Drugs
GHB related
- GHB Synthesis FAQ
- Preparation of Sodium GHB by Chem-R-Us
- Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-GHB
- Synthesis and evaluation of the GHB analogs MAB and DABD
- Dehydrogenation of 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) to gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
- References for the oxidation of THF to GBL
- Sodium bromate oxidation of THF to GBL (PDF)
- Solvent-free Permanganate oxidation of THF and 1,4-butanediol to GBL
- Hypochlorite oxidation of 1,4-butanediol to GBL
- Potential for gamma-Butyrolactone Synthesis from Tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-Butanediol
Dissociatives
- Synthesis and Effects of PCP Analogs - A Review
- Illicit Synthesis of Phencyclidine (PCP) and Several of Its Analogs
- The detection of PCC contamination in PCP and TCP
- Synthesis of Eticyclidine and Rolicyclidine
- Synthesis of Ketamine
- Synthesis of Ketamine with all precursors made from scratch
- Synthesis of 4-Methoxy-PCP
Benzodiazepines
THC related
- Fantastic THC synthesis overview
- The Total Synthesis of Cannabinoids (78 pages, 151 references, 6 MB PDF)
Cocaine Related
- Synthesis of Cocaine
- A nice little cartoon, describing the manufacture of cocaine
- Synthesis of Cocaine analogs from Arecoline
- Cocaine analogs - halogenated benztropines
- Topics in the chemistry of cocaine
- Coca Cultivation & Cocaine Processing
- Nitrone Synthetic Route to Cocaine
- Cocaine containing plants
- SAR and Synthesis of Cocaine Analogs (PDF)
- Phenyltropane analogs with >60x the potency of Cocaine itself (DejaVu Format)
Other Stimulants
- Synthesis of the stimulants Adrafinil and Modafinil
- Synthesis of 1-Benzylpiperazine (BzP, A2)
- 4-Methyl Aminorex synthesis FAQ (beta)
- Large info/synthesis collection on 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
- Pemoline Synthesis
- Chemistry of 2-Amino-Oxazolines
- Diarylpiperidines as potential CNS stimulants
- Synthesis of diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methanol and diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methane
- Synthesis of BPAP, a Potent and Selective Catecholamine Activity Enhancer (PDF)
- Synthesis of optically pure threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Other Drugs
- Methaqualone (Quaalude) Synthesis
- Synthesis of Meprobamate (Miltown)
- Synthesis of Chloral Hydrate
- Preparation of trichlorobutanol (Chlorbutol)
- Synthesis of phenylpiperazine derivatives
- Hormones and Other Anabolic Drugs
- BZ and related substances
- Synthesis of Muscimol
- Synthesis of several Barbiturates
- Barbiturates, their chemistry and synthesis
- Notes on Adrenochrome
- Improved extraction of Salvinorins from Salvia Divinorum
- Possible synthesis of Salvinorin
- The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kava-Kava
- Synthesis of Thiomuscimol, a potent muscimol analog
- Synthesis of Moclobemide
- Synthesis of Melperone
- Synthesis of Benzocaine
- First Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
- Development of the Commercial Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
- One-pot synthesis of Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)
Precursors and Reagents
Organic
- Methylamine Synthesis FAQ
- Nitroalkane Synthesis FAQ
- Nitroethane Synthesis: A Compilation
- Oxalyl chloride
- Phenylhydrazines
- Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate
- Methylene bromide
- Methylene iodide
- Cinnamic acid and beta-Bromostyrene
- Allylbenzene from cinnamyl alcohol
- Diethyl ether
- Acetic anhydride, Propionic anhydride and Acetyl chloride
- Formic acid
- Acetamide
- Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines
- Various formylation procedures
- Aromatic Formylation using Triformamide
- Gattermann Aromatic Formylation
- Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes (Review)
- Anilines to Benzaldehydes (Organic Syntheses)
- Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners
- Info on nutmeg, extraction of nutmeg oil and isolation of myristicin
- Bromobenzene
- Mandelic Acid and Derivatives
- para-Benzoquinone
- Toluquinone and Toluhydroquinone
- Ethyl Acetoacetate
- Notes on the use of 1-dimethylamino-2-nitroethylene (DMANE)
- Preparation of Acetophenones
- Acetophenones and Propiophenones
- Easy preparation of Chloroform
- Citric acid from lemon juice
- N-methylformamide
- Dichloromethyl methyl ether
- Chloroacetone and Bromoacetone
- Methyl Iodide from Methanol
- Great reference on natural propenylbenzenes and aldehydes (in German)
- Natural amphetamine precursors (with pictures)
- 2-Phenylpropanal
- Allyl Alcohol
- Preparation of Diphenylacetic acids (PDF)
- Alkyl Bromides from Alcohols
- Alkyl Nitrites from Alcohols
- Isopropyl Nitrite doc 2.0
- Ketene
- Acetonedicarboxylic Acid
- Diethyl Sulfate
- N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS)
- Aromatic nitration with KNO3/H2SO4 in DCM (ortho-Selective)
- Aromatic nitration with NaHSO4/NaNO3/SiO2 in DCM
- Acetaldehyde and Paraldehyde
- Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB)
- 2-Nitropropene
- Ethyl Acetate
- Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (DEAD)
- Nitrobenzene and Aniline
- Chloroacetic acid
- Benzylamine and its N-Methyl and N,N-Dimethyl derivatives
- Methylisopropylamine
- Alkyl Chlorides to Alkyl Bromides using CaBr2/PTC
- alpha-Phenylethylamine, Synthesis and Optical Resolution
- Synthesis and resolution of alpha-Phenethylamine
- 3-Hydroxythiophenol (mono-thioresorcinol)
- Acids to aldehydes using Saccharin and Red-Al
- Silica Gel Supported Jones Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes
- One-pot Conversion of Alcohols to Primary Amines
- Phenol methylation with Betaine
- Oxone Promoted Nef Reaction
Inorganic
- Iodine crystals from Povidone-Iodine
- Iodine from Iodides with Ultrasound
- Iodine from Iodine tincture
- Cyanogen Iodide (ICN)
- Potassium dichromate
- Palladium & Platinum catalysts preparation FAQ
- Urushibara Catalysts - New Hydrogenation Catalysts
- Rochelle salt (Potassium Sodium Tartrate)
- Sodium Cyanide
- Copper Chromite (dehydrogenation catalyst)
- Cuprous Chloride
- Mercury Salts (HgCl2, Hg2Cl2, HgSO4)
- Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)
- Lead Tetraacetate, Pb(OAc)4
- Red Phosphorous from matchbook strikers
- Sodium Nitrite
- Guanidine Nitrate from Calcium Cyanamide
- Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride
- Manganese(III)acetate
- H2O2 FAQ from H2O2.com
- H2O2 FAQ
- Cyanogen Bromide (CNBr)
- Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia
- Aluminum Chloride and Aluminum Bromide
- Lithium Borohydride
- Dithionite Salts Preparation
- Palladium(II)Chloride, PdCl2
- Sodium Cyanoborohydride
- Thionyl Chloride Purification
- Hydrazine Sulfate (OTC Prep)
Preparation of Gases
Law Related
- Joint Assessment of MDMA Trafficking Trends
- DEA's Suspicious Chemical Orders Task Force
- Special Surveillance List of Chemicals, Products, Materials and Equipment
- Code of Federal Regulations - Schedules of Controlled Substances
- Watched and Listed chemicals in the US
- Buying Chemicals, Glassware and Lab Equipment
- Abstracts from the forensic journal J. Cland. Lab. Invest. Chem. Assoc.
- Yogi Shan's Clandestine Chemistry FAQ
- DEA report on future synthetic drugs of abuse
- Alexander Shulgin elaborates on future drugs of abuse
- Clandestine Drug Synthesis Review (DejaVu Format)
- Methamphetamine Control Act
- Methamphetamine Control Act FAQ
- Methamphetamine Precursor Chemical Control in the 1990's
- Precursors Frequently used in Clandestine Laboratories by INCB (PDF)
- Drugs and Chemicals of Concern
- Drug Precursor Chemical Control in Canada
- Amphetamine-type Stimulants - A Global Overview (PDF)
- Chemical Diversion and Synthetic Drug Manufacture (PDF)
- Code of Practice for Supply Diversion into Illicit Drug Manufacture (Australia)
Controlled Substances and Precursors
- CSA - Canada
- CSA - Canada, with structural diagrams
- CSA - United States (Shedules 1999)
- CSA - United States (Entire Act)
- CSA - United States (Controlled substances and exemptions)
- CSA - Germany
- Betäubungsmittelgesetz (Germany)
- Grundstoffüberwachungsgesetz (Germany, PDF)
- Regulation on narcotic substances (Iceland)
- Sweden - Controlled Substances
- Norway - Controlled Substances
- Norway - List of herbs and compounds classified as pharmaceuticals
- CSA - Estonia
- Drug precursors subject to EU authorisations
- List I and List II Chemicals (US)
- UN Report INCB/1999/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
- UN Report INCB/1998/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
- New Zealand Misuse of Drugs Act
Equipment & Lab Technique
- Setup for standard, vacuum and fractional distillation
- All-glass rotary evaporator
- Aspirator vacuum station with no need for running water
- Improvised Overhead Stirrer
- Homemade microgram scale
- Natural pH Indicators
- Digital vacuum gauge
- Build your own high-quality still (PDF)
- Do it yourself buchner funnel (PDF)
- Tips for Safe Parr Hydrogenator Use (PDF)
- A Simple and Easy Quick-Connect System for Condenser Hoses
- How to set up distillation equipment and much more (in German)
- Handling of air- and moisture-sensitive reagents (Aldrich Bulletin)
- Ground Glassware - Sizes and standards (PDF)
- Efficient Kugelrohr Distillation Cooling (PDF)
- Cheaply made Glove Box
- Very detailed distillation setup instructions
- Construction and Selection of Fume Hood Designs (PDF)
- Construction of a Liebig condenser from copper tubing
- How to perform a vacuum filtration
- How to perform extractions and washes with a separatory funnel
- Destruction and neutralization of hazardous lab waste
- Magnetic Stirrer Plans
- How thick is your Aluminum Foil?
- Construction and operation of a catalytic hydrogenation bomb
- Recrystallization Technique
- Basic Lab Skills - Crystallization, Distillation, Extraction, TLC, melting point
- Designing a Chemistry Laboratory (DejaVu Format)
- Constructing a good fume hood (DejaVu Format)
- Scientific Glassblowing, Part 1 (DejaVu Format)
- Scientific Glassblowing, Part 2 (DejaVu Format)
- Description of Equipment and Basic Lab Setups
- The Glassware Gallery - Drawings and Descriptions of Lab Equipment
- Needle Gauge sizes
- Simple Glass to Fancy Glass
- Construction of an Inline Gas Dryer (moisture protection tube)
- Cheap and efficient hydrogenation apparatus
- The Visual Organic Chemistry Laboratory - Lab technique explained in detail with pictures
- Ultra-micro boiling point determination
-
- How a Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus Works
- Comprehensive Vacuum Pump FAQ with sections about Vacuum Gauges and Tubing
- Heat sources and heating bath fluids
Chromatography
- Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) tutorial from Zubrick (DejaVu Format)
- Making TLC Plates from Bulk TLC Silica Gels
- How to Cut TLC Plastic and Aluminum Sheets correctly?
- TLC Tutorial Movie (Quicktime)
- How to perform flash chromatography
- First journal article describing flash chromatography
- Amateur Chromatography and Electrophoresis
- Flash Pad Chromatography - Simple Alternative to Columns
Solvents
- Instructions on how to use drying agents
- Drying Agent Selection Guide
- Drying Agent Data
- Some Common Drying Agents
- Drying solvents with Sodium/Benzophenone
- Miscibility of Common Solvents
- Solvent Miscibility and Polarity
- Solvent recovery of Tetrahydrofuran (PDF)
- Distillation and drying of solvents
- Purification of laboratory solvents
- Azeotrope database
- Physical properties of solvents and other liquids
- NMR Solvents
Chemical Data
- Calculate the boiling point of liquids under vacuum
- Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius degrees
- Convert vacuum, pressure, volume and length units
- Convert between different pressure units
- Chemputer - Calculate reaction yields
- HTML Periodic Chart
- Types and properties of hydrofluorocarbons/HFCs and freons/CFCs (PDF)
- Celsius/Fahrenheit Concersion Chart (PDF)
- Common Concentrations of Acids and Bases (weight%, molarity, density)
- Comprehensive pKa table of organic compounds
- A collection of liquid reagents along with their molarities
- Scientific calculator for chemists with notebook
- Chemical calculator
- Chemical resistance tables for a wide range of materials
Multimedia
- Clandestine Chemistry Photo Album
- From Safrole to MDA
- Reductive amination of MDP2P with Al/Hg and Nitromethane
- Bucket Reductive Amination via MethylMan Al/Hg Nitromethane
- Red P/Iodine Reduction of Pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
- Distillation apparatus setup (Quicktime)
- Vacuum distillation procedure (Windows Media File)
- The best tribute to The Hive that has ever been seen
Miscellaneous
- OTC Solvents FAQ 1.0
- Extraction FAQ
- An introduction to catalytic transfer hydrogenation
- PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide
- PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hypochlorite
- General procedure for Collins reagent oxidations
- Psychotomimetic Chemical Weapons
- Technical information on hard gelatin capsules
- Gelatin capsule size chart (PDF)
- General Alkaloid Extraction Doc
- Grignard reactions in solvents other than ether
- Grignard Reactions in "Wet" Ether
- Aldehydes from grignard reagents and formic acid salts
- Aldehydes from grignard reagents using 2-(N-Methyl,N-Formylamino)pyridine
- Wizard X's Homepage
- The Complete Organic Synthesis online (with structure search engine)
- ChemHead Chemistry - bulletin board and syntheses
- The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend POPeye
- The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend Eleusis/Zwitterion
- The collected works of hallucinogen researcher Richard A Glennon
- m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Reaction Handbook (PDF)
- m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Technical Bulletin (PDF)
- Color test drug identification reference (PDF)
- Comprenhensive organic reduction overview
- Essential Oils in Hundreds of Plants, all Containing Phenylpropene Derivatives
- Vogel's Practical Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed (DjVu E-Book)
- Nickel-on-Charcoal - A dirt cheap Pd/C alternative? (PDF)
- Nickel-on-Charcoal - Improved preparation (PDF)
- A Whirlwind Tour of Current Mitsunobu Chemistry (PDF)
- Aryl Halides to Thiophenols using Thiourea
- Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
- The Watcher's Chemistry Works (Snapshot Jan 2003)
- CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
References
- Lilienthal's Pharmacological and Chemical References
- Large collection of phenethylamine and tryptamine synth refs
- Phenethylamine synthesis patents
- Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines - Comprehensive Literature Search
- Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by Condensation of Benzaldehydes with Nitroalkanes
Microwave Chemistry Research
- Microwave Chemistry tips
- Microwave Chemistry FAQ
- Dariusz Bogdall's Microwave Syntheses
- Miscellaneous information on clays
- MW-chem: Preparation of alkyl azides from alkyl bromides
- MW-chem: Reductive amination with NaBH4
- MW-chem: Reduction of carbonyl compounds with NaBH4
- MW-chem: Nitroalkene preparation from benzaldehydes (PDF)
- MW-chem: Benzaldehydes from alcohols using MnO2/Silica (PDF)
- MW-chem: Preparation of beta-nitrostyrenes from styrenes
- MW-chem: An introductory overview from New Scientist by Gavin Whittaker
- MW-Chem: Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
- MW-Chem: Ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides
- MW-chem: Theoretical and mechanistical background (PDF)
- MW-chem: Organic Chemistry Review (PDF)
- MW-chem: Wolff-Kishner reduction of ketones to hydrocarbons (PDF)
- MW-chem: Oxidation of Alcohols to Ketones
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