?
Epena, Yopo
(notes)
Yopo is also known as Cohoba Snuff. It comes from the beans of a tree legume, Anadenanthera peregrina, and Anadenanthera columbrina. Anadenanthera is frequently referred to as Piptadenia in the literature. Epena comes from the bark sap of a plant in the nutmeg family, Virola calophylla.
DE MELLO, A CESARIO,; ET AL
Behavioral observations on compounds found in nutmeg.
Psychopharmacologia; 1973 Vol. 31(4) 349-363
Found that myristicin and elemicin impaired the rope climbing and barpressing performance of male and female Wistar rats and caused catatonia and decreased motor activity in mice. As measured in rope climbing performance, rats developed tolerance to both myristicin and elemicin. There was cross-tolerance between myristicin and elemicin; neither showed cross-tolerance with either D9-tetrahydrocannabinol or mescaline. The activity of myristicin and elemicin and the inactivity of other nugmeg compounds (safrole, eugenol, isoeugenol, and methylisoeugenol) were not reflected in the energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital. These quantum chemical calculations also imply that the nutmeg compounds are not especially good electron donors.
SHULGIN AT, and H. O. Kerlinger.
Isolation of methoxyeugenol and trans-isoelemicin from oil of nutmeg.
Naturwissenschaften 15: 360-361. 31 (1964.)
SHULGIN AT, KERLINGER HO
Isolation of methoxyeugenol and trans-isoelemicin from oil of nutmeg.
Naturwissenschaften 15: 360-361. (1964) [#31]
[No Abstract]
SHULGIN AT, SARGENT T, NARANJO C
The chemistry and psychopharmacology of nutmeg and of several related phenylisopropylamines.
In D. H. Efron [ed.]: Ethnopharmacologic search for psychoactive drugs. US Dept. of H. E. W., Public Health Service Publication No. 1645. Pp. 202-214. Discussion: pp. 223-229. (1967) [#49]
[No Abstract]
SHULGIN AT, T. Sargent, and C. Naranjo.
The chemistry and psychopharmacology of nutmeg and of several related phenylisopropylamines.
In D. H. Efron [ed.]: Ethnopharmacologic search for psychoactive drugs. (1967.)
SHULGIN AT.
Composition of the myristicin fraction from oil of nutmeg.
Nature 197: 379. 20 (1963.)
SHULGIN AT.
Concerning the pharmacology of nutmeg.
Mind 1: 299-302. 23 (1963.)
SHULGIN AT
Composition of the myristicin fraction from oil of nutmeg.
Nature 197: 379. (1963) [#20]
[No Abstract]
SHULGIN AT
Concerning the pharmacology of nutmeg.
Mind 1: 299-302. (1963) [#23]
[No Abstract]
WEIL,AT
Nutmeg and Other Psychoactive Groceries.
Current Topics in Plant Science. J.e.gunckel(ed.), Academic Press,new York 1969 : 355-366 (1969) English