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BARKER, E T; BUCK, M F
LSD in a coercive milieu therapy program.
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal; 1977 Oct Vol 22(6) 311-314
Gave LSD to 30 patients in a hospital for the criminally insane, in the context of a clinical interview. Although the patients reported that the LSD interview had helped them, no one else noticed changes for the better or worse in the patients. (French summary)

BARKER, MAURICE
(The nonmedical use of drugs.)
Vie medicale au Canada francaise; 1975 Apr Vol 4(4) 385-388
Based on records of hospitalized adolescents and a review of recent reports, trends in the nonmedical use of tetrahydrocannabinols, hallucinogens, amphetamines, and hypnotics are reported for the Montreal area during 1974. Marihuana continued to be a popular drug, with usage expanding to segments of the population other than 'hippies.' The most common hallucinogen used was phenylcyclohexyl-piperidine (PCP), and opiates were becoming easier to obtain. Amphetamine use was largely confined to individuals with other psychological and physical problems, and alcohol use was prevalent among young people. The properties of PCP are discussed, and a few suggestions for treating drug-using adolescents are presented.

Carlos Castaneda, Academic Opportunism and the Psychedelic Sixties. Jay Courtney Fikes. Millenia Press. Victoria B.C. Canada. 1993. paperback. 285 pages. US$19.95. debunks Castaneda, Peter Furst, & Barbara Meyerhoff [box v5]

CIMBURA G; LUCAS DM; BENNETT RC; DONELSON AC
Incidence and toxicological aspects of cannabis and ethanol detected in 1394 fatally injured drivers and pedestrians in Ontario (1982-1984).
J Forensic Sci. 1990 Sep; 35(5): 1035-41
A comprehensive epidemiological study of the involvement of cannabis and ethanol in motor vehicle fatalities in the Province of Ontario, Canada, is described. The study is based on toxicological analyses of blood and, when available, urine specimens. Ethanol was determined by headspace gas chromatography (GC). For cannabis, the methods employed were radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for screening and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the determination of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood. The study sample consisted of 1169 drivers and 225 pedestrians. THC was detected in the blood of 127 driver victims (10.9%) in concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 37 ng/mL, with a mean of 3.1 +/- 5.0 ng/mL. Ethanol was found in 667 driver victims (57.1%), in concentrations ranging from 9 to 441 mg/100 mL, with a mean of 165.8 +/- 79.5 mg/100 mL. For pedestrians, the incidence of THC and ethanol in the blood was 7.6 and 53.3%, respectively. The incidence of THC in the driver victims in this study constitutes an approximately threefold increase over the results of an Ontario study completed in 1979. At least a part of the increase may be attributed to interstudy differences in analytical methodology for cannabinoids.

COATES RA; FAREWELL VT; RABOUD J; READ SE; MACFADDEN DK; CALZAVARA LM; JOHNSON J
Cofactors of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of male sexual contacts of men with human immunodeficiency virus disease.
Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Oct; 132(4): 717-22
In a cohort of 249 male sexual contacts of men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or an AIDS-related condition in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 143 cohort members were seropositive on enrollment and 16 seroconverted between initial recruitment in July 1984 to July 1985 and December 1988. Data on age, smoking and drinking status, recreational drug use, and history of sexually transmitted diseases and other diseases were obtained from interviews at induction and during follow-up on the cohort members every 3 months. Cox relative risk regression models, in which time was calculated from estimated date of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for seroprevalent cohort members and from 90 days prior to the first positive test for seroconverters, examined the potential effect of use of a variety of recreational drugs and the occurrence of selected infections on the risk of development of AIDS. Thirty-five cohort members developed AIDS while under study. No significant association with risk of progression to AIDS was noted for use of various recreational drugs (singly or in combination), history of specific infections, age at enrollment, or smoking and drinking status at enrollment. Only estimated duration of HIV infection appeared to be associated with increasing risk of development of AIDS.

FRITZ, W B
Indian People and Community Psychiatry in Saskatchewan
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal / Revue de l'Association des Psychiatres du Canada; 1978, 23, 1, Feb, 1-7.
A discrepancy is identified between increases in inpatient admissions & outpatient contacts of Treaty Indians in Saskatchewan from 1967 to 1976. This is the reverse of the trend in the non-Indian population, & represents a contradictory effect to the intention of the Community Psychiatry Program of the Province's government. No major diagnostic differences were found at statistically significant levels, which could account for the findings. Although present data indicate that Indians in Saskatchewan are being less adequately provided with treatment services than are non-Indians, the fact that Indians are using these services at a gradually increasing rate remains encouraging.

Grimes JD; Hassan MN.
Bromocriptine in the long-term management of advanced Parkinson's disease.
Can J Neurol Sci (Canada). 10(2): p86-90, 1983.
Topic: Bromocriptine, prosexual substances, nootropics

HAYS, PETER; TILLEY, J R
The differences between LSD psychosis and schizophrenia.
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal; 1973 Aug Vol. 18(4) 331-333
Compared 15 patients who presented an illness approximating to schizophrenia during the year following LSD ingestion with a control group of 14 consecutive schizophrenics. Family history, a 21-item account of the syndrome at its peak, and the severity of symptoms were obtained for both groups. 38 controls had a family history of schizophrenia, while none of the experimental group had a positive heredity (p < .05). Results indicate that the syndrome of LSD psychosis is clinically distinguishable from schizophrenia. (French summary)

KINGSBURG
Peganum harmala
Poisonous Plants of the United States and Canada
Peganum harmala L., African rue. DESCRIPTION: Bright green, succulent, much-branched perennial herb bushy in habitat, about 1 ft tall when fully grown. Leaves alternate, pinnate or twice pinnately divided; ultimate segments linear, fleshy, glabrous. Flowers single, white, consipicuous; petals 5. Fruit a 2- to 4- cavitied many-seeded leathery capsule, about 3/8 inch in diameter. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: This species is native to the deserts of Africa and southern Asia. It was first recognized in the United States on a section of land near Deming, New Mexico in 1935 and has since spread on dry range land into Arizona and western Texas. POISONOUS PRINCIPLE: Alkaloids extracted from African rue have proven toxic to laboratory animals, producing the same symptoms as observed when the whole seed was fed. The seeds of the plant have been shown to contain at least 4 alkaloids, of which three have the indole configuration. TOXICITY, SYMPTOMS AND LESIONS: Cattle loss on the range where this plant was first recognized prompted its investigation as a poisonous plant. Experimental studies have been performed at the Texas and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Stations and by the United States Department of Agriculture. The ground seed is almost always lethal to guinea pigs at 0.15 percent of the animal's weight. young leaves were toxic at 1 per cent, dry-weight basis, but older leaves seemed to lack toxicity. In guinea pigs the symptoms consisted of posterior paralysis and weakness of back muscles, appearing within half an hour of feeding, and lasting for several hours. No lesions of significance were found. African rue is highly unpalatable to cattle, but if force-fed, it is lethal. Sheep have been observed to eat the plant after it had dried under range conditions, but experimentally they could not be forced voluntarily to consume hay made from it.

KINGSLEY
Plants of the United States and Canada. R581.69 K55
Stipa robusta Scribn. (= S. vaseyi Scribn.). Sleepygrass
DESCRIPTION: Stout, perennial grass, forming erect clumps mostly 2 to 4 feet tall. Leaves flat 5/16 inch wide, up to 2 feet long. Inflorescence a green or greenish-yellow terminal panicle, to 1 foot long; branches several at each node, variable in length, bearing several spikelets, strongly directed upward, hence panicle compact and narrow; spikelets narrow, about 1/2 inch long, tipped by a long, dry, twisted awn; awns about 1 inch long.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Dry plains, hills, and open woods, Colorado to Texas, Arizona and Mexico.
POISONOUS PRINCIPLE. Unknown. Some attempts to extract the active principle have been reported [922].
TOXICITY, SYMPTOMS AND LESIONS. Reports of the toxicity of sleepygrass to horses in New Mexico date back to 1887. Ingestion of a moderate amount produces a profound, but not lethal, somnolent or stuporous condition sometimes lasting several days. In times when the horse was the principal means of travel, serious delay and inconvenience occasionally befell those unaware of the danger in this plant [55,69,735].
Following a number of field reports and correspondence concerning the toxicity of sleepygrass to horses, the United States Department of Agriculture undertook feeding experiments at the Salina (Utah) experiment station and in the field [998]. It was found that 0.6 per cent of an animal's weight of plant (green-weight basis) was the least toxic dose for the horse and produced transitory depression or drowsiness. One percent was the average effective single dose. Larger amounts provokes somewhat, but not proportionately, greater symptoms. Symptoms appear in 6 to 24 hours and lasted 24 to 48 hours. Field cases have been reported in which as much as a week elapsed before all signs of poisoning had disappeared. Great variation in degree of sleepiness was found. Mildly poisoned animals were dejected, inactive and withdrawn. With greater dose animals became somnolent, presenting symptoms of drooping head, closed eyes, and irregularity of gait if forced to move. Severely poisoned animals lie on the sternum or flat on the side with head resting on the ground. These horses are in profound slumber from which they can be raised only momentarily with great difficulty. In such animals the pulse and respiration become weak and irregular. A definite rise in temperature has been recorded in many instances.
Despite field reports of toxicity to cattle, doses of active material up to 3.4 percent of an animal's weight in a single day failed to bring out symptoms. In sheep, doses of about 2 percent of an animal's weight provoked depression and a rise in temperature, but not sleepiness.
CONDITIONS OF POISONING: Reports of poisoning have come from only a portion of the area in which Stipa robusta is found, namely the Sacramento and Sierra Blanca Mountains of New Mexico. Material collected from several other areas failed to bring on poisoning although given in more than adequate amount in feeding experiments [998]. The plant retains full toxicity on drying. Sleepygrass was readily and repeatedly taken by horses during feeding experiments, bit it is generally believed among ranchers that horses once poisoned will refuse subsequently to graze the plant.

Koren, Gideon; Graham, K.
Cocaine in Pregnancy: Analysis of Fetal Risk
Vet-Hum-Toxicol. 1992 Jun. 34(3). P 263-4
Department of Pediatrics & Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
During the last decades there has been a substantial increase in the recreational use of cocaine in young adults and parallelly there has been an increase in its use by pregnant women. We analyzed all published papers on cocaine use in pregnancy and found that for most endpoints studied (eg, prematurity, head circumference) there were many studies showing effects and many showing no effects. Upon meta-analysis, most of the effects could not be shown significant when compared to control groups. In a prospective study in Toronto, babies exposed to cocaine during the first trimester only had Bayley scores at 18-mo of life that were identical to unexposed babies or to those exposed to canabinoids. Motherisk presently counsels women who discontinue cocaine use in the first trimester of pregnancy that there is no increased developmental risk for the baby.

LINDEN, RICK; CURRIE, RAYMOND F; DRIEDGER, LEO
Interpersonal Ties and Alcohol Use among Mennonites
Revue Canadienne de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie / Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology; 1985, 22, 4, Nov, 559-573.
The widely different patterns of alcohol use among people of different countries & among different groups within countries make it apparent that cultural factors are important determinants of alcohol use. Research on this relationship suggests that it is the social groups to which an individual belongs that provide the mechanism through which the cultural norms regarding alcohol use influence the individual's behavior. Based on questionnaire data, the effect of interpersonal ties on the drinking behavior of a national sample of Canadian Mennonites (number of cases = 1,208 respondents) is examined, using a theoretical model that combines social control & differential association theories. Drinking was found to be related to the behavioral preferences of reference others. These effects varied with the closeness of the relationship with that particular associate, & with the actor's visibility to each associate.

MARCO, LUIS A; REED, TIMOTHY F; JOSHI, RAJANI S; ALDES, LEONARD D; ET AL
Metoclopramide fails to suppress linguopharyngeal events in a rat dyskinesia model. Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (1988, Montreal, Canada).
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences; 1989 Win Vol 1(1) 53-56
Examined the effects of metoclopramide (MET) on ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal events exemplified by tongue retrusions, protrusions, and swallowing acts in ketamine-anesthetized female rats. Ss were mounted on a stereotaxic frame specially designed to monitor retrusion, protrusion, and swallowing. MET at doses of 0.5-50 mg/kg im failed to decrease protrusions, retrusions, or swallowing; all 3 events increased for up to 2.5 hrs. Results differ from those of J. M. Karp et al (1981) indicating that MET suppressed dyskinetic activity in humans treated for a minimum of 3 mo with the drug.

MOHAMED, S N; KAZARIAN, S; MERSKEY, HAROLD; THOMPSON, M G
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (Hydergine): A pilot study.
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; 1980 Jun Vol 25(4) 325-328
Five 25-64 yr old patients with tardive dyskinesia were treated with dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids in doses of 3-4 mg/day for 6 wks. Blind ratings of standard videotape recordings indicated significant differences between Ss. Worsening occurred in 3 Ss during treatment and to a lesser extent after treatment; one S improved during treatment, and the 5th S demonstrated more sustained improvement. (French summary)

REPKE DB; LESLIE DT; GUZMAN
Baeocystin in psilocybe, conocybe and panaeolus.
Lloydia. 1977 Nov-Dec. 40(6). P 566-78.
Sixty collections of ten species referred to three families of the Agaricales have been analyzed for the presence of baeocystin by thin-layer chromatography. Baeocystin was detected in collections of Psilocybe, Conocybe, and Panaeolus from the U.S.A., Canada, Mexico, and Peru. Laboratory cultivated fruitbodies of Psilocybe cubensis, P.semilanceata, and P. cyanescens were also studied. Intra-species variation in the presence of decay rate of baeocystin, psilocybin and psilocin are discussed in terms of age and storage factors. In addition, evidence is presented to support the presence of 4-hydroxytryptamine in collections of P. baeocystis and P. cyanescens. The possible significance of baeocystin and 4-hydroxytryptamine in the biosynthesis of psilocybin in these organisms is discussed.

ROY, ALEC
LSD and onset of schizophrenia.
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; 1981 Feb Vol 26(1) 64-65
Compared age at admission of 37 chronic schizophrenics (8 women, 29 men) who had taken LSD in the week before their illness became apparent, with the age of 37 patients, matched for sex and marital status, who did not have a history of using drugs illicitly. Mean age at 1st admission was 20.3 yrs for LSD users, 21.8 for controls--not significantly different. (French abstract)

SALAMA, ABD E
The autoscopic phenomenon: Case report and review of literature.
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; 1981 Nov Vol 26(7) 475-476
Discusses the case of a 28-yr-old male with a rare form of autoscopy. His appearance when he was admitted suggested the possibility of 'flash back,' due to his long history of abuse of psychotomimetic amphetamines and LSD. The unique aspect of this case is the patient's delusion of watching himself on a TV screen acting as one of the celebrities. (French abstract)

Stoessl AJ.
Prevention and management of late stage complications in Parkinson's disease.
Can J Neurol Sci (Canada).19(1 SUPPL): p113-6, 1992.
Topics: Deprenyl, prosexual substances, nootropics, aphrodisiacs, MAO Inhibitors

The Assembly of the Church of the Universe. envelope of promotional literature from this Canadian hemp nudist sect. Ontario. 1990. [box 5m]

The Fane of the Psylocybe Mushroom Assoc. documents on religious persecution, court battles. newsletter: The Sporeprint. Victoria B.C. Canada. 1988. 90 pages. velobound in volume two of Psychedelic Religion: An Anthology of English-Language Literature. [box v3]

The Non-Medical Use of Drugs: Interim Report of the Canadian Government's Commission of Inquiry. Penguin Books. 1970. Excerpts on LSD and Hallucinogens. velobound in "Acid Anthology" (not listed on anthology table of contents due to oversight) [box 1]