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Ayahuasca Visions: The Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman. Luis Eduardo Luna and Pablo Amaringo. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, CA, $60.
Birrell, Verla.
Transpacific Contacts and Peru.
35th ICA 1:31-38. (1964)
Calderon, Eduardo, Cowan, Richard, Sharon, Douglas & Sharon, F. Kaye.
Eduardo El Curandero: The Words of a Peruvian Healer.
Richmond, CA: North Atlantic Books. (1982)
DE RIOS, MARLENE D
A modern-day shamanistic healer in the Peruvian Amazon: Pharmacopoeia and trance. Special Issue: Shamanism and altered states of consciousness.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs; 1989 Jan-Mar Vol 21(1) 91-99
Addresses the functions and successes of shamanistic healers in the context of psychoneuroimmunology. Background information on Amazonian urban healing, and on a contemporary healer, is presented. In the case of the healer, who uses powerful hallucinogenic plant potentiators, the influence of traditional shamanic roots in the region is integrated with new beliefs. The combination of biologically potent resources represented in the healer's plant pharmacopoeia and his shamanistic-mystical, psychospiritual strategies create a powerful healing milieu.
Dobkin de Rios, Marlene.
A Note on the Use of Ayahuasca Among Urban Mestizo Populations in the Peruvian Amazon.
AA 72:1419-1422. (1970)
Dobkin de Rios, Marlene.
Visionary Vine: Psychedelic Healing in the Peruvian Amazon.
San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co. (1972)
DOBKIN DE RIOS, MARLENE
Hallucinogenic ritual as theatre.
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs; 1977 Jul-Sep Vol 9(3) 265-268
Describes the subjective experience of a healing ritual in the Peruvian Amazon. The color, form, pattern, movement, and sound produced by a hallucinogenic substance under shamanic guidance are comparable with a theatre in which one is simultaneously the actor, producer, and playwright.
DOBKIN DE RIOS, MARLENE
Visionary vine: psychedelic healing in the Peruvian Amazon
Visionary vine: psychedelic healing in the Peruvian Amazon. Chandler [1972] F3429.3.M4
SUBJECTS: Ayahuasca Therapy ritual. Iquitos, Peru. Social life and customs.
Dobkin, Marlene.
Folk Curing with a Psychedelic Cactus in the North Coast of Peru.
International Journal of Social Psychiatry 15:23-32. (1968)
Dobkin, Marlene
The Religious Implications of Folk Healing with a Psychedelic Cactus in North Coastal Peru.
In: Salman & Prince 1968, 13-22. (1968)
Dobkin, Marlene
Trichocereus pachanoi -- A Mescaline Cactus Used in Folk Healing in Peru.
Economic Botany 22:191-194. (1968)
Eduardo El Curandero: The Words of a Peruvian Healer. Eduardo Calderon, Richard Cowan, Douglas Sharon, F. Kaye Sharon. North Atlantic Books. Richmond, CA 1982. paperback. 101 pages. $7.95. photos and dialog from a documentary movie of the San Pedro shaman described in Wizard of the Four Winds. [box 7m]
EVERETT
Desfontainia spinosa
The New York Botanical Garden Illustrated Encyclopedia of Horticulture; rSB317.58
DESFONTAINIA (desfont-ainia): One of the handsomest of temperate South American flowering shrubs. the only cultivated Desfontainia is one of possibly five species of the Andes of Chile and Peru. It belongs in the logania family, Loganiaceae. Its name, often spelled Desfontainea, commemorates the French botanist Rene Louiche Desfontaines, who died in 1833. Hardy only in mild climates, such as that of California, Desfontainia spinosa when out of bloom looks much like an evergreen English holly (Ilex aquifolium), but is immediately distinguishable because its leaves are opposite instead of alternate. The shrub is bushy and attains a maximum height of about 10 feet, but is often smaller. It has pale, glossy branches and broad-elliptic to ovate, lustrous, spiny leaves 1 inch to 2 1/2 inches long. The flowers, which come in summer and fall, are quite astonishing on such a holly-like plant. They are in terminal clusters and because of their shape and striking colors have a decided fire-cracker or decorative candy appearance. They are tubular-funnel-shaped, about 1 1/2 inches long, bright crimson-scarlet, and tipped with five small yellow corolla lobes (petals). Each has a five-lobed, green calyx with its margins fringed with hairs. There are five stamens. The fruits are egg-shaped, many-seeded berries. GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE USES: This choice evergreen is admirable for displaying prominently in shrub borders, foundation plantings, and other landscape settings, and as an individual specimen. When well placed and thriving it is a splendid addition to almost any garden. For its best satisfaction it needs a little broken shade as protection from the hottest sun, and deep, moderately fertile, encouraging soil, never excessively dry. CULTIVATION: Desfontainias can be raised from cuttings, about 3 inches long, taken in summer and rooted under mist or in a greenhouse propagating bed, but the best results are had from seeds sown in sandy peaty soil kept moderately moist. The seedlings should be shaded lightly from strong sun. Established specimens are grateful for an organic mulch maintained around them and for watering thoroughly and regularly during dry weather. They need no pruning, except the occasional shortening of an unruly shoot to keep them shapely, and any cutting necessary to limit their size. Spring is the season to attend to this.
Heine-Geldern, Robert von.
Representations of the Asiatic Tiger in the Art of the Chavin Culture: A Proof of Early Contacts Between China and Peru.
33rd ICA 1:321-326. (1958)
Katz, Fred & Dobkin de Rios, Marlene.
Hallucinogenic Music: An Analysis of the Role of Whistling in Peruvian Ayahuasca Healing Sessions.
JAFL 84:320-327. (1971)
Kusel, Heinz.
Ayahuasca Drinkers Among the Chama Indians of Northeast Peru.
Psychedelic Review 6:58-66. (1965)
LAI,A: TIN-WA,M: MIKA,ES: PERSINOS,GJ: FARNSWORTH,NR
Phytochemical Investigation of Virola Peruviana, A New Hallucinogenic Plant.
J Pharm Sci 62:1561-1563 (1973)
LAI,A: TIN-WA,M: MIKA,ES: PERSINOS,GJ: FARNSWORTH,NR
Virola Peruviana, A New Hallucinogenic Plant: Phytochemical Investigation.
Lloydia 36:437-438 (1973)
Lanning, Edward P.
Peru Before the Incas.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc. (1967)
Las Tres Mitades de Ino Moxo: y otros brujos de la Amazonia. Cesar Calvo. Proceso Editores, Iquitos, Peru. 1981. 380 pages. velobound in Ethnobotany and Shamanism in South America. [box v4]
Lumbreras, Luis G.
The People and Culture of Ancient Peru.
Trans. Betty J. Meggers. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. (1974)
LUNA,LE:
The Concept of Plants As Teachers Among Four Mestizo Shamans of Iquitos, Northeastern Peru.
J Ethnopharmacol 11 2: 135-156 (1984) English
LUNA,LE:
The Healing Practices of A Peruvian Shaman.
J Ethnopharmacol 11 2: 123-133 (1984) English
REPKE DB; LESLIE DT; GUZMAN
Baeocystin in psilocybe, conocybe and panaeolus.
Lloydia. 1977 Nov-Dec. 40(6). P 566-78.
Sixty collections of ten species referred to three families of the Agaricales have been analyzed for the presence of baeocystin by thin-layer chromatography. Baeocystin was detected in collections of Psilocybe, Conocybe, and Panaeolus from the U.S.A., Canada, Mexico, and Peru. Laboratory cultivated fruitbodies of Psilocybe cubensis, P.semilanceata, and P. cyanescens were also studied. Intra-species variation in the presence of decay rate of baeocystin, psilocybin and psilocin are discussed in terms of age and storage factors. In addition, evidence is presented to support the presence of 4-hydroxytryptamine in collections of P. baeocystis and P. cyanescens. The possible significance of baeocystin and 4-hydroxytryptamine in the biosynthesis of psilocybin in these organisms is discussed.
SCHULTES R E; HOFMANN A
Epena, Nyakwana, Yakee
Plants of the Gods: Origins of hallucinogenic use; p 68
COMMON NAMES: Epena, Nyakwana, Yakee. BOTANICAL NAME: Virola calophylla, V. elongata, V. theiodora. USAGE HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPY: In Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Peru a number of species of Virola are used, the most important of which appears to be V. theiodora. The hallucinogenic snuff has vairious names depending on the locality or tribe, with the most commonly recognized terms being Parica, Epena, and Nyakwana in Brazil, Yakee and Yato in Colombia. USAGE CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Epena or Nyakwana may be snuffed cermonially by all adult males, occasionally even without any ritual connection. The medicine men use the drug in diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. The use of Yakee or Parica is restricted to shamans. PREPARATION: Some Indians scrape the inner layer of the bark and dry the shavings over a fire. When pulverizedm powdered leaves of Justicia, the ashes of Amasita, the bark of Elizabetha princeps, my be added. Other Indians fell the tree, collect the resin, boil it to a paste, sun-dry the paste, crush and sift it. Ashes of several barks and the leaf powder of Justicia may be added. A further method is to knead the inner shavings of freshly stripped bark and to squeeze out resin and boil it to a paste which is sun-dried and prepared into snuff with ashes added. A group of very primitive Maku Indians in the Colombian Vaupes ingest the unprepared resin as it is collected form the bark. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND EFFECTS: Tryptamine and beta-carboline alkaloids, 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine and dimethyltryptamine, being the main constituents, are repsonsible for the hallucinogenic activity. Effects of the intoxication vary. They usually include intial excitability, setting in within several minutes from the first stuffing. Then follows numbness of the limbs, twitching of the facial muscles, inability to coordinate muscular activity, nausea, visual hallucinations, and finally, a deep, undisturbed sleep.
SCHULTES R E; HOFMANN A
Vine of the Soul
Plants of the Gods: Origins of hallucinogenic use; p 120
Ayahuasca has many native names: Caapi, Dapa, Mihi, Kahi, Natema, Pinde, Yaje. The drink, employed for prophecy, divination, sorcery, and medical purposes, is so deeply rooted in native mythology and philosophy that there can be no doubt of its great age as a part of aboriginal life. Two closely related species of the malpighiaceous genus Banisteriopsis - B. caapi and B. inebrians - are the most important plants used in preparing Ayahuasca. But other species are apparently used locally on occasion: B. quitensis; Mascagnia glandulifera, M. psilophylla var. antifebrilis; Tetrapteris methystica and T. mucronata. All of these plants are large forest lianas of the same family. Banisteriopsis caapi and B. inebrians are frequently cultivated in order to have a supply close at hand for use. Many plants of diverse families are often added to the basic drink to alter the intoxicating effects. The most commonly used admixtures are leaves of B. rusbyana and of the rubiaceous Psychotria carthaginensis or P. viridis. Other known psychoactive plants, such as Brugmansia suavolens, Brunfelsia chiricaspi, and B. grandiflora, may also be added. Among the many other plants employed are Tobacco; Malounetia tamaquarina and a species of Tabernaemontana of the Apocynaceae; the acanthaceous Teliostachya lanceolata var. crispa or Toe Negra; Calathea veitchiana of the Maranthaceae; the amaranthaceous Alternaria lehmannii and a species of Iresine; several ferns including Lygodium venustum and Lomariopsis japurensis; Phryglanthus eugenoides of the Mistletoe family; the mint Ocimium micranthum; a species of the sedge genus Cyperus; several cacti including species of Opuntia and Epiphylum; and a member of the genus Clusia of the Guttiferae.
SCHULTES, RICHARD E; SWAIN, TONY
De plantis toxicariis e Mundo Novo tropicale commentationes XIII: Further notes on Virola as an orally administered hallucinogen.
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs; 1976 Oct-Dec Vol 8(4) 317-324
Describes a method of preparing a hallucinogenic resin from the cambial sap of trees of the genus Virola , as practiced by Indian tribes of the Colombia-Peru region. Pellets of the resin are ingested immediately or coated with an ash filtrate and stored.
Simmons, Ozzie G.
Popular and Modern Medicine in Mestizo Communities of Coastal Peru and Chile.
Journal of American Folk- Lore 68:57-72. (1955)
Vegetalismo: Shamanism Among the Mestizo Population of the Peruvian Amazon. Luis Eduardo Luna. Stockholm Studies in Comparative Religion #27. ACTA Universitatis Stockholmiensis. Almqvist & Wiksell International. Stockholm. 1986. 200 pages, plus 15 pages of close-up copies of photos. velobound in Ayahuasca Shamanism Anthology. [box v2]
Visionary Vine: Hallucinogenic healing in the Peruvian Amazon. Marlene Dobkin de Rios (autographed). Waveland Press, Inc. Prospect heights, IL. 1972 paperback. 161 pages. $8.50. [box 10m]
VON GLASCOE, CHRISTINE; ET AL
Are you going to learn to chew coca like us?
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs; 1977 Jul-Sep Vol 9(3) 209-219
Studied the habitual mastication of coca leaves in rural Peru. Coca is used not only to reduce physical and mental stress but also in social, ritual, and religious occasions. Coca mastication is learned by children in the same way that the use of alcoholic and caffeine beverages is learned in other societies.
The Entheogen Law Reporter
Issue No. Six - Spring 1995 pp.48-58: