BENNET JW; LASURE LL
Gene Manipulation in Fungi
Gene Manipulation in Fungi. pg 368-404 ISBN 0-12-088641-3 QK682.946 (1985)
There is accumulating evidence for the widespread occurrence of plasmids or plasmidlike DNA species in eukaryotes, including fungi. Plasmids are present as both linear and cyclic DNA strands. Genera in which plasmids have been found include Claviceps, Neurospora, Aspergillus, Podospora, Dictostelium, Saccharomyces, Ascolobus, Cephalosporum, Gaumannomyces, Kluveromyces, Morchella [an ascomycete mushroom], Pichia, Rhizoctonia, Schizosaccharomyces & Torulopsis. Fungal plasmids may be associated with either mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, and range in size from 1.2 kilobases to 21 kilobases, with the majority occuring in the range of 5-7 kilobases. A strain improvement program with the mold Penicillium notatum has employed monospore selection and mutagenesis with ultraviolet light, nitrous acid, and monoiodoacetic acid. Irradiation has successfully generated more potent strains with a 40% increase yeild of erythorbic acid from glucose (Takahashi, 1969)... Tryptophan ... has been produced with a strain of Hansenula anomala resistant to high levels of anthranilic acid (Terui, 1973) which produces up to 6 grams of tryptophan per liter from the added precursor, anthranilic acid (Terui & Niizu, 1969), and as much as 14 grams per liter from indole (Ebihara et al, 1969). Indole-resistant producing strains have also been isolated. General control of amino acid biosynthesis appears to operate in this yeast since starvation of methionine or histidine mutants for the respective amino acid also elevates tryptophan excretion (Enatsu, et al 1963). They tryptophan-hyperproducing strains all have lower anthranilic acid and tryptophan degrading activity and show altered repression and feedback inhibition by tryptophan. Attempts to improve available strains by crossing haploids have failed (Terui, 1975). The production of indole or anthranilic acid has been reported in Claviceps purpurea (Malin and Westhead, 1959) and numerous strains of yeasts (Nickerson & Brown, 1965; Hutter, 1973). However these processes are not commercially practical.
Brauer, Karen L.; Robbers, James E.
Induced parasexual processes in Claviceps sp. strain S1958
Applied and Environmental Microbiology v53 p70-3 January 1987
SUBJECTS: Fungi, Sex in Ergot
KAMPHUES J; DROCHNER W
Mutterkorn in Futtermitteln--ein Beitrag zur Klarung moglicher mutterkornbedingter Schadensfalle. [Ergot in feed--the clarification of possible ergot-related infirmity cases]
Tierarztl Prax. 1991 Feb; 19(1): 1-7
Practicing veterinarians should realize that the symptoms of ergot intoxication may differ markedly. Gangrenous alterations (ears, feet, tail) as well as convulsive signs (excitability) are described as typical symptoms of ergotism. It is noteworthy that inadequate development of the udder and lactation failure may also be related to ergot contaminated diets. Ergot contamination of diets is caused by grain infection with Claviceps purpurea and sometimes by infection of grass and weed (in grain). The frequency of ergot contamination is high in rye, triticale and wheat and varies in relation to region, climatic conditions and kind of wheat. For diagnosis of ergot contamination a thorough visual inspection of the used diet is to be recommended. Due to the variation of ergots (infected grain, infected weed) it is difficult to determine the contamination in prepared feed mixtures. The anamnestic procedure, method of visual feed inspection as well as a chromatographic method for detection of ergot alkaloids in feed samples are described to facilitate the detection of possible ergot related cases.
Keller, Ullrich; Han, Mehmet; Stoffler-Meilicke, Marina
D-lysergic acid activation and cell-free synthesis of D-lysergyl peptides in enzyme fractions from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea
Biochemistry (American Chemical Society) v27 p6164-70 August 9 1988
SUBJECTS: Ergot Lysergic acid Enzymes, Fungal
Keller, Ullrich; Madry, Norbert; Kleinkauf, Horst
Isolation and characterization of vacuoles from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea
Applied and Environmental Microbiology v47 p710-14 April 1984
SUBJECTS: Ergot Vacuoles
Kren, Vladimir; Pazoutova, Sylva; Rylko, Viktor
Extracellular metabolism of sucrose in a submerged culture of Claviceps purpurea: formation of monosaccharides and clavine alkaloids
Applied and Environmental Microbiology v48 p826-9 October 1984
SUBJECTS: Ergot Metabolism/Carbohydrates Fungi/Metabolism Mycology/Cultures and culture media
Shibuya, M.; Chou, H.-M.; Fountoulakis, M.
Stereochemistry of the isoprenylation of tryptophan catalyzed by 4-(gamma, gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan synthase from Claviceps, the first pathway-specific enzyme in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
Journal of the American Chemical Society v112 p297-304 January 3 1990
SUBJECTS: Ergot Tryptophan Isoprenoid compounds Alkaloids
USTIUZHANINA SV; SARKISOVA MA; GORIN SE
Konservatsiia produtsenta peptidnykh ergoalkaloidov Claviceps purpurea metodom L-vysushivaniia. [Preservation of Claviceps purpurea, the producer of peptide ergot alkaloids, by the method of freeze drying]
Antibiot Khimioter. 1991 Feb; 36(2): 6-8
A saprotrophic strain of Claviceps purpurea VNIIA 312A, an organism producing peptide +ergot alkaloids with prolactin inhibiting activity was shown to die under lyophilization conditions. To provide long-term storage of strain 312A, L-drying or drying under vacuum from liquid state was used with success. Three protective media were tested. Favourable results were obtained by using 25 per cent maltose solution as a protective medium. Preservation of the culture viability was accompanied by maintenance of the culture capacity for active formation of the biomass and production of +ergot alkaloids.
WASSON RG; HOFMANN A; RUCK CA
The road to Eleusis : unveiling the secret of the mysteries
The road to Eleusis : unveiling the secret of the mysteries. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978 BL795.E5
SUBJECTS: Eleusis, Eleusinian mysteries, Claviceps paspali, Ergot alkaloids