BUCHERL
Colorado River Toad - Bufo alvarius
Venemous Animals & Their Venoms, vol.I p.499
Toad Venom: Bufo alvarius excretes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine from Parotoid Glands/Crests (toad neck glands)
DE LIMA EG; DA COSTA PI; LAURE CJ
South American rattlesnake venom: its hemolytic power.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1989 Oct Dec; 22(4): 171-5
The hemolytic power of rattlesnake venom (Crotalus durissus terrificus) was studied. A high percentage of sample with negative hemolytic power was detected when sheep red blood cells were used. A large number of venoms with hemolytic power, though with a low hemolysis percentage, were detected when liquid, recently extracted venom was used. When crystallized venom was used under the same experimental conditions, a higher percentage of positivity for hemolysis was obtained. When the results obtained on agar plates were compared to those obtained in test tubes, a large number of animals with a higher percentage of hemolysis were detected, though this value was not proportional to the number of animals showing positive plate hemolysis. When the hemolytic power of these venoms was tested on human red blood cells, a large percentage of animals with venoms having a low hemolytic power was also detected. Hemolytic power was much greater when human red blood cells were tested with crystallized venom. The preparation of red blood cells also had an important effect and the use of red blood cells from defibrinated blood is recommended. We conclude that rattlesnake venom has hemolytic power that increases when the venom is crystallized. Red blood cells should be properly prepared for the lysis reactions. We suggest that the lytic power of the venom is related to venom concentration and to the purity of its fractions.
FRIEND, TAD
The New Seekers (Inside the psychedelic underground)
'Details' Magazine, November, 1990.
In Los Angeles 'toad licking' is increasingly popular: the venom of the Sonoran Desert toad is smoked (not, usually, licked), producing an intense, fifteen-minute, presumptively illegal high. But the active psychedelic, 5-MEO DMT, is easily obtainable from chemical-supply firms. Includes items about designer drugs and an interview with an 'underground chemist'.
Morgan, Adrian
Who put the toad in toadstool?
New Scientist, 25-Dec-1986/1-JAN-1987 Vol 112 pg 44
Discusses the historical and legendary links between toads and toadstools, and their use in witches brews, the pharmacology and effects of toad venoms and the use of these in ethnomedical practices in many cultures on several continents. The history and mythography of hallucinogenic mushrooms, and the use of bufotenine from toads as an intoxicant are recounted.
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