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Colorado River Toad - Bufo alvarius
Peterson's Field Guide to Western Reptiles & Amphibians
COLORADO RIVER TOAD Bufo alvarius: IDENTIFICATION: 3-6 inches. Our largest western toad. Dark brown or olive above, with smooth skin, long kidney-shaped parotoids, and prominent cranial crests. Several large warts on the hind legs stand out conspicuously against the smooth skin. An enlarged whitish wart near angle of the jaw. Below cream. YOUNG: Warts, light-colored, set in dark spots. Male: Throat pale like female's. Ranges from arid mesquite-creosote bush lowlands into the oak-sycamore-walnut association in mountain springs, reservoirs, and streams, but occasionally frequents temporary pools and has been reported miles from water. Nocturnal; activity stimulated by rainfall. When molested, assumes a butting pose with its parotoid glands directed toward the intruder. A dog may be temporarily paralysed (rarely, killed) if it mouths one of these toads. VOICE: Weak, low-pitched, resembling a ferryboat whistle. Hoots last 1/2 to 1 second. Vocal sac absent or inconspicuous. Most active May to July. RANGE: Lower Colorado and Gila Rivers of Arizona and extreme sw. New Mexico, south to nw. Sinaloa; extreme se. California. Sea level to above 4000 ft. CAPTION: Skin relatively smooth; large warts on hind legs; adult 6 inches. (Dark Phase, Santa Cruz County, Arizona)

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