Fat Freddie
RE: ShamTec Report #1
- ShamTec Report #1 - Alkaloid Extraction from Evodia rutacarpa
Fat Freddie, Psychedelic Toad & Head of Research Shamanic Technologies
An acid/base extract from 100 grams of dried Evodia fruit (Evodiarutacarpa, Wu Zhu Yu) yielded about 80 mg of freebase wax from the final filtrate fraction (see ShamTec Report #2). 50 mg of this extract was smoked, registering a plus three (+++) on the Shulgin scale. Apyrolytic assay of the extract recovered from the filtered precipitates proved to be inactive. The tiny berry like fruits are readily obtainable from Chineseherbalists; they are said to be mildly toxic, this could be due in part to the astringent tannins, but it seems they are removed during the extraction process.
No signs of any physical discomfort while under its effects were observed. This does not imply it is entirely safe, all the usual disclaimers apply. A Medline search shows Evodia is known tocontain alkaloids that are vasodilators which reduce blood pressure.
A second extract was prepared in order to test the validity of reports that Evodia fruits are hallucinogenic if eaten in large quantities. 5-MeO is not known to be orally active on it own. If the 5-MeO is causing psychoactivity then there would also be MAOI's present. 140 mgof the combined filtered fractions was consumed; no psychological or psychological effects were observed from this single trial. The dried fruits of this plant were easy to process. It was concluded that Evodia is a convenient an useful natural source of 5-MeO-DMT.Ref.Shulgin A., TIHKAL, p. 274.
Shamanic Technologies (c) 1998
Shamanic Technologies
http://www.entheogen.com/fatfreddie/
Fat Freddie
RE: ShamTec Report #2
- ShamTec Report #2 - Alkaloid Extraction from Plant Material Using Simple Adsorption Chromatography
Fat Freddie Psychedelic Toad & Head of Research Shamanic Technologies
Introduction
"Adsorption is the process by which a solid, liquid, or gas (the adsorbate) is held at the surface of some other material (the adsorbent). The adsorbent is usually a solid but may also be a liquid. The process results from molecular interaction at surfaces." "Chromatography, from the Greek for "color writing," is a method used in analytical chemistry to separate and identify the components of mixtures. "Adsorption is a recognized technique for the purification of materials, a common example being the use of activated carbon.
The method of separating the components of a mixture by chromatography depends onadsorption. Simple acid/base extractions of plant materials such as leaf, seed, and bark result in a total alkaloid extract. However in some circumstancesit is possible to further isolate specific alkaloids, families or classes of alkaloids using the principle of adsorption.
Method
When basifying the aqueous acidic solution, free bases are precipitatedout along with other acid soluble solids. The free bases are recovered by washing the solution in a non polar organic solvent. During the final separation, awkward emulsions and colloids are often formed between the aqueous and solvent phases. Colloids can be minimizedby removing the unwanted acid soluble precipitates, using a buchnerfilter or similar apparatus immediately after basifying and before washing with solvent. Some free base alkaloids are attracted to the precipitates (stationary phase) by the process of adsorption, other alkaloids with crystals of a large surface area will be physically trapped by the solids and the filtering medium; some alkaloids not undergoing adsorption will remain in solution (mobile phase). Cooling the basified solution before filtration may help to crystallize out some alkaloids making them easer to recover due to their size.
The filtering process gives two alkaloid fractions. Non adsorbed alkaloids remaining in the filtrate can be recovered in the normal way by a two phase solvent separation. The alkaloids captured by the solids due to adsorption, or physically trapped between the solid particles, are recovered by first drying the solids, then washing with a non polarsolvent. Oils and fats not removed in the initial extraction stages are also inclined to be adsorbed.
Conclusion
The differing adsorption properties among free base alkaloids will determine which filter fraction a specific, family or class of alkaloid can be recovered from. Extracts containing a mixture of alkaloids separated by this process are less likely to contain unwanted compounds. The technique described here has the advantage of not requiring any additional or specialized equipment other than a vacuum filter. It maybe possible by the selective addition of absorbents to further isolate specific alkaloids in plant extracts.
Shamanic Technologies (c) 1998
Shamanic Technologies
http://www.entheogen.com/fatfreddie/
Fat Freddie
RE: ShamTec Report #3
- ShamTec Report #3 - Purification of Domestic Kerosene Using the Adsorption Properties of Mineral Clays
Fat Freddie Psychedelic Toad & Head of Research Shamanic Technologies
This article describes a cheap source of extremely clean petroleum
distillate that is easily available and can be used for defating plant
extracts.
What you will need:
* kerosene
* cat litter
* paper towel
Kerosene, also known as paraffin oil or coal oil, is a liquid hydrocarbon fuel commonly obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum. Originally used as a fuel for lamps, kerosene is now used primarily as a heating fuel, especially in domestic heating systems, and as an aviation fuel. It is also used as a solvent and thinner.
Chemically kerosene is an alkane, this class of hydrocarbons are remarkably resistant to chemical attack and only chlorine and bromine will react with any ease. Kerosene has a high boiling point 150-300 degC/300-570 deg F.
Domestic kerosene often has a blue or red dye added toit; the method described here will use a highly absorptive mineral clayto remove this dye and any other impurities, dissolved or in suspension. You will need some cat litter, this is the stuff your kitty cat uses to take a dump in when at home; it is composed of Bentonite clay and costs only a few dollars for a big bag of several kilos. This important industrial clay, is made up mainly of the mineral smectite(montmorillonite) and formed by the alteration of volcanic ash. One of its most important uses is as drilling mud in the petroleum industry. They are also used as bonding clays in foundries; as adsorbents; asdecolorizers for fats and oils; in foods it is used to remove the colour from margarine oil, and as a mild abrasive in toothpaste.
In addition to fine particle size, bentonites have the unique capability of swelling when they become wet. Some cat litters use other clays which may or may not have the important absorptive properties, check with the manufacturer if in doubt, in any case never use one that has been coated with chemicals, such as sodiumto improve its 'clotting' properties.
Bentonite clays can be as much as99.6% pure mineral. Other clays -- the hydrated magnesium aluminum silicates -- consist of long, tubular particles. One such clay, attapulgite, is mined in northern Florida and southwestern Georgia. It is used as a saltwater drillingmud; in adhesives to control viscosity; as a thickener in latexpaints, liquid suspension fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals; and aspet litter, oil adsorbent, carriers for agricultural chemicals, flatting agent in paint, and anticaking agent.
Another variety,sepiolite, has nearly the same physical properties as attapulgite, but a higher aluminum and iron content. It is mined in the Amargosa Valley in Nevada. Fuller's earth is a mixture of clay or silt materials in which montmorillonite and attapulgite normally predominate. It has the property of adsorption and was used originally by fullers (textile workers) to remove oil from cloth. Today fuller's earth is employed in oil-well drilling mud and floor-sweeping compounds, as a carrier for pesticides, and to remove the color from oils. You will also require a roll of kitchen paper towel to act as a filter.
Method
The cat litter will probably take the form of granules. To maximize the absorptive properties of the clay it will be necessary to grind it to a powder. This can be easily done in a coffee blender, after just a few seconds the granules will be reduced to a fine dust. In a suitable container mix the kerosene with about 20% clay by volume. Stir or shake the mixture for several minutes then allow it to settle. The clay will soon sink to the bottom leaving clear kerosene above it. When most of the clay has settled siphon off the kerosene into another container. Using a funnel lined with paper towels, filter the kerosene to remove any remaining solids. You should now have crystal clear, clean kerosene. Test this by placing a few drops on a hot plate and wait until it evaporates, if all the impurities have been removed there will not beany residue left behind. It is now ready to use.
Because of the high b.p. kerosene is not suitable for the final non-polar separation in an acid/base extraction, you will still need to find a suitable solvent such as the more expensive methylene chloride, that can be easily distilled off. However kerosene purified in this way may be useful as a cheap alternative for removing oils and fats in the initial stages of the extraction, particularly when dealing with large volumes of extract. Because it is inexpensive it can be disposed of after use, in an environmentally friendly way, and a fresh batch made upeach time.
Shamanic Technologies (c) 1998
freddie@nym.lycaeum.org
Shamanic Technologies
http://www.entheogen.com/fatfreddie/